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Remember, you need repetition and novelty.
记住,你需要重复和新鲜。
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After a while, if you're listening to the same thing over and over again, the brain
过了一会儿,如果你一遍又一遍地听着相同的东西,大脑就会
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is picking up less and less and less.
越来越少,越来越少。
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Hi there, Steve Kaufman here.
你好,史蒂夫·卡夫曼在这里。
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Today I want to talk about listening skills.
今天,我想谈谈听力。
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Listening skills, how to get better at listening, how to use listening to learn a language.
倾听技巧,如何更好地倾听,如何使用倾听来学习一种语言。
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Remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, click on the bell for notifications.
记住如果你喜欢这些视频,请订阅,点击铃声通知。
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So as you know, I consider input, listening and reading to be the keys to learning a
因此,正如你所知道的,我认为输入,倾听和阅读是学习学习的关键。
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language.
语言。
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You have to get the language into you.
你必须把语言带到你身上。
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It has to come from outside.
它必须来自外部。
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You have to get your brain used to a new language.
你必须让你的大脑习惯一个新的语言。
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This is best achieved through listening and reading.
最好的方法是通过阅读和倾听来实现。
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Reading helps you acquire more words, but listening gets your brain used to the language.
阅读有助于你获得更多的单词,但聆听会让你的大脑习惯语言。
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And of course, listening comprehension is a tremendously important skill because if
当然,听力理解是一个非常重要的技能,因为如果
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you're speaking to someone and we all want to speak in the language, if you can't understand
你正在和某人交谈,我们都想用那种语言说话,如果你无法理解。
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what they're saying, what the other person is saying, then it's very uncomfortable and
他们在说什么,对方在说什么,那么这是非常不舒服和
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you can't have a very meaningful conversation.
你不能有非常有意义的对话。
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So how do you use listening to get better in the language and what are the tips to get
所以你如何使用倾听来更好地掌握语言,以及哪些技巧可以得到
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better at listening?
倾听更好吗?
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First of all, it depends on each person, but I cannot sit down and just listen.
首先,这取决于每个人,但我不能坐下来只是倾听。
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If I were to sit and I've tried it, so I have whatever lesson I'm listening to and I sit
如果我坐下来,我已经试过了,所以我有任何我正在听的教训,我坐下来。
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down in a comfortable chair and I say, I'm going to spend half an hour listening to this
我坐在一个舒适的椅子上,我说,我要花半个小时来听这句话。
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podcast or whatever it might be.
Podcast 或任何它都可以。
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I'm incapable of doing that.
我无法做到这一点。
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My mind wanders, so I can't concentrate.
我的心在流浪,所以我不能集中精力。
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If I have dedicated study time, then I'm going to read or I'm going to work on my iPad
如果我有专用的学习时间,那么我要读书,或者我要在iPad上工作。
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with link.
与链接。
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So where does the listening come in?
听力从何而来?
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Listening has the tremendous advantage that we can do it wherever we are.
聆听有一个巨大的优势,我们可以在任何地方做到这一点。
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I don't have my AirPods handy, but I have my AirPods and I recently bought a new kind
我没有我的AirPods方便,但我有我的AirPods,我最近买了一种新型
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of AirPods that sits outside the ear and they work really well.
AirPods坐在耳朵外面,它们工作得非常好。
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I went jogging yesterday and I could hear very well and I don't have these things actually
我昨天跑步,我听得很好,我真的没有这些东西。
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plugged into my ear, but I can listen.
它插入我的耳朵,但我可以听。
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First thing in the morning, I'll get up.
早上第一件事,我会起床的。
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I have a little seven minute exercise routine.
我有一个小七分钟的锻炼习惯。
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I listen.
我听。
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I make breakfast.
我做早餐。
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I listen.
我听。
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If I exercise during the day, I listen.
如果我在白天练习,我会倾听。
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If I'm in the car, I listen.
如果我在车里,我会倾听。
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So you've got all this time to listen.
所以你有所有这一切的时间来倾听。
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So then people say, well, when you're listening, do you always focus?
所以人们会说,好吧,当你倾听时,你总是专注吗?
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It is impossible to 100% focus while listening.
听时不能百分之百专注。
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You have to, like so much in language learning, you have to accept imperfection.
你必须,就像语言学习中的很多事情一样,接受不完美。
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So when you speak, you're going to make mistakes.
所以当你说话时,你会犯错误。
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When you listen, there's going to be lots of areas you don't understand.
当你倾听时,会有很多你不理解的领域。
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There are also going to be moments when you are not focused on what you're listening to.
也会有时你不专注于你正在听的东西。
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You lose track.
你失去了轨迹。
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Your mind wanders off somewhere else.
你的头脑在别处流浪。
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That's fine.
那是好的。
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As long as you come back and so let's say for a period of 30 minutes that I'm in the
只要你回来,那么让我们说,在30分钟的时间里,我
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car listening to something, maybe I'm only focused on what I'm listening to for half
汽车听东西,也许我只专注于我听的一半
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that time or I don't know what the number is because I don't worry about it, but I know
那个时候,或者我不知道这个数字是什么,因为我不担心,但我知道。
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it's not 100% of the time.
不是百分之百的时间。
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But for whatever percentage of the time I'm listening, I'm exposing my brain to the language
但是,无论我听到什么时候的百分比,我都会把我的大脑暴露在语言中。
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and I am getting used to the language.
我已经习惯了语言。
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Now, one of the things that's very important is you cannot continue to listen to your target
现在,非常重要的事情之一是你不能继续倾听你的目标。
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language and not understand anything or only understand 5%.
语言不懂或只懂 5%
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That is very inefficient in my experience.
这是在我的经验中非常无效的。
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So if I listen to something, obviously at the early stages in a language, I don't understand
所以,如果我听到某些东西,显然是在语言的早期阶段,我无法理解。
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anything, but then I will read it.
不管怎样,但我会读的。
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I will look up the words, I'll review them in link, read it again, then I'll listen and
我会看看这些单词,我在链接中审查它们,再读一遍,然后我会倾听和
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I still don't understand.
我仍然不明白。
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Even though I understood kind of when I was reading and looking up words, when I go to
虽然我在读书和寻找单词时,我明白了某种程度,当我去
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listen, I don't understand.
听,我不明白。
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But that doesn't bother me.
但这并不打扰我。
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I know that from personal experience that in time what initially is just noise for me
我从个人经验中知道,在时间里,最初对我来说只是噪音。
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by a process of reading and listening and going back and reading again and looking up
通过阅读和倾听的过程,回头再读,再看。
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words again and listening again, eventually more and more of this becomes comprehensible.
再说一遍,再听一遍,最终越来越多的这一点变得容易理解。
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Don't listen to the same lesson over and over and over again at one sitting.
不要一遍又一遍地听同样的教训。
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In other words, the brain as I've said many times requires repetition and novelty.
换句话说,大脑如我所说,需要重复和新颖。
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So you can listen to an item a few times, then move on to the next item, even if you
因此,您可以听到一个项目几次,然后转到下一个项目,即使您
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don't fully understand the first.
不要完全理解第一个。
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So you have lesson one and you listen and you listen and you read it, then you listen
所以你有一个教训,你听,你听,你读,然后你听。
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again and you understand 20, 30% move on to the next one.
再一次,你明白了20%,30%转向下一个。
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Don't try to master any particular lesson or content item.
不要试图掌握任何特定课程或内容项目。
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It's all exposure.
一切都是曝光。
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It's all helping the brain get used to the language.
它有助于大脑习惯语言。
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Remember you need repetition and novelty.
记住,你需要重复和新鲜。
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After a while, if you're listening to the same thing over and over again, the brain
过了一会儿,如果你一遍又一遍地听着相同的东西,大脑就会
5:07 - 5:10
is picking up less and less and less.
越来越少,越来越少。
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So you have to move to the next lesson and to the next lesson.
所以你必须转到下一课和下一课。
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So keep pushing yourself forward, maintain that balance between repetition and novelty.
所以继续推动自己前进,保持重复和新奇之间的平衡。
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And there's all kinds of research into how the brain learns that sort of blocked learning
还有各种研究,研究大脑如何学习这种封锁的学习。
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that third, fourth, fifth time we read something or we listen to something.
第三次,第四次,第五次,我们读了什么,或者听了什么。
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We are in fact learning less and less.
事实上,我们正在学习越来越少。
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So you have to keep moving forward.
所以你必须继续前进。
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Now, so don't worry about losing focus.
现在,不要担心失去专注。
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Don't worry about what you don't understand.
不要担心你不懂的东西。
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Keep challenging or rewarding your brain with new material, but do have enough repetition
继续挑战或奖励你的大脑新材料,但有足够的重复
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so that you start to notice certain things that you didn't notice the first time.
所以你开始注意到某些你第一次没有注意到的东西。
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And this is the next point about listening.
接下来是关于倾听的问题。
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I can listen to a mini story that I've listened to 30, 40 times before.
我可以听一个我以前听过的30、40次的小故事。
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So I know the mini story.
我知道这个小故事。
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And yet I will suddenly notice a structure, a verb pattern, verb form that I hadn't really
然而,我突然会注意到一个结构,一个词汇模式,一个词汇形式,我真的没有。
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noticed before, even though I knew the rule vaguely, but the 31st time that I listened
注意到以前,虽然我知道规则模糊,但第31次我听了
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to that, I noticed it in a different way.
对此,我以不同的方式注意到它。
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So give yourself a chance to notice things when you go back for that additional pass
因此,给自己一个机会注意到事情,当你回到那个额外的通行证
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through the same material.
通过相同的材料
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So you're again, you're maintaining that repetition and novelty, but when you're on your, in your
所以你再次,你保持这种重复和新鲜,但当你在你的,在你的
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repetition activity, allow yourself to notice certain things.
重复活动,让自己注意到某些事情。
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You don't have to notice everything.
你不必注意一切。
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You can lose focus, but there will be times when you notice certain things in there that
你可能会失去专注,但会有一些时候你会注意到某些东西。
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will help you in your gradual acquisition of the language.
将帮助您逐渐获得语言。
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And remember that listening comprehension here is the goal.
记住,这里的理解是目标。
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It's not going to be perfect, but it will gradually improve.
它不会是完美的,但它会逐步改善。
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And the better your listening comprehension, the better your ability to have conversations.
你的倾听能力越好,你对话的能力就越好。
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But again, give yourself, you know, a variety between repetition, repetitious material and
但是,再一次,给自己,你知道,在重复,重复的材料和重复之间的差异。
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new challenging material, combine reading with listening, try to focus in on certain
新具有挑战性的材料,将阅读与倾听相结合,试着专注于某些东西。
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aspects of pronunciation that you maybe didn't notice before, be aware that some of the things
发音方面,你可能没有注意到之前,要知道一些事情
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that you didn't notice on the first time listening or the second or the fifth or the 10th time,
你没有注意到第一次听或第二次或第五次或第十次,
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you may notice that 20th time you listen.
也许你会注意到你听到的第20次。
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So the process of acquisition of a language is gradual.
因此,一种语言的获得过程是渐进的。
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So if you listen and you don't understand, don't get frustrated.
所以,如果你倾听而不理解,不要沮丧。
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If you listen and read and listen and read and still don't understand, don't get frustrated.
如果你听,读,听,读,但仍然不明白,不要沮丧。
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That's normal.
这是正常的。
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And at least in my own case, I prefer to be listening and doing something else, cleaning
至少在我自己的情况下,我宁愿倾听,做别的事情,清理。
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up the garage, whatever it might be, listening, fading out, focusing in again.
上车库,无论它是什么,倾听,消失,再次集中注意力。
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That works better for me than trying to sit down and say, okay, for the next half hour,
这对我来说比试图坐下来说,好吧,在接下来的半个小时里,
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I'm going to listen to this.
我会听这个。
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All right.
没错。
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The exception to that, of course, is if you're watching a movie, which is a form of listening,
当然,这种情况的例外是,如果你正在看一部电影,这是一种聆听的形式。
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but you're watching and listening at the same time.
但是你在看和聆听同时。
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And it's rewarding because it's fun to watch a movie and you can see the people.
这是有益的,因为观看电影很有趣,你可以看到人们。
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You can almost feel as if you're participating with this family.
你几乎可以感觉到你正在参与这个家庭。
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That's why series, you know, on Netflix are so great.
这就是为什么系列,你知道,在Netflix是如此伟大的。
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If it's the same group of people interacting all the time in the series and you watch them
如果它是同一群人互动在系列中的所有时间,你观看他们
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and you feel you're a part of them and you're getting that sense of being in that cultural,
你觉得自己是他们的一部分,你正在获得这种在那个文化中存在的感觉。
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you know, sphere, all of that is good.
你知道,球界,这一切都是好的。
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But I wouldn't, you know, I consider the sort of video, movies, TV series, that's more of
但我不会,你知道的,我认为这种视频,电影,电视剧,这更多的是
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a reward.
一个奖励。
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That's fun.
这是有趣的。
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You have to develop the ability to be able to listen without seeing what's going on.
你必须发展能够听取而不看到正在发生的事情的能力。
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Initially sort of repetitious material, like the many stories, eventually audio books where
起初是一种重复性的材料,如许多故事,最终是音频书籍。
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just hearing the words conjures up meaning for you so that you're automatically converting,
只是听到这些单词会为你创造意义,这样你就会自动转换。
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you know, words in the target language into meaning.
你知道,目标语言中的单词变成含义。
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And so as you build up to that level of listening comprehension, you are preparing yourself to
因此,当你建立到那种倾听理解的水平时,你正在为自己做好准备。
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become fluent in the language.
在语言中变得流畅。
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So that's my advice.
所以这是我的忠告。
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Treat listening and listening comprehension not only as a primary goal in language learning,
对待倾听和倾听理解不仅是语言学习的主要目标,
9:22 - 9:28
but as an important way of helping your brain become accustomed to the language.
但是作为帮助你的大脑习惯语言的重要方式。
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So I hope that was helpful.
所以我希望这有帮助。
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Thank you for listening.
谢谢你的倾听。